Background: The widespread adoption of smartphones and mobile applications has transformed communication, education, and productivity but also raised concerns about their potential impact on physical and mental well-being. Excessive daily use is linked to sleep disturbance, musculoskeletal discomfort, visual strain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In Saudi Arabia, where smartphone penetration is remarkably high, these challenges demand systematic attention and targeted interventions.
Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and addressed the relationship between mobile application use and health outcomes among adults. Data were collected using a validated survey that included sociodemographic variables, app usage patterns, sleep quality, physical symptoms, and psychological status. The assessment incorporated the PSQI, NMP-Q, and DASS-21. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, chi-square tests, correlations, and regression models to evaluate predictors of health outcomes.
Results: A total of 823 participants completed the survey. Excessive app use (>4 hours/day) was highly prevalent. Eye strain, neck and shoulder pain, and headaches were the most frequent physical symptoms, while insomnia, anxiety, and depression were common psychological complaints. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with longer app use, shorter sleep duration, and anxiety. Nomophobia scores revealed moderate to high dependency, with participants frequently reporting discomfort and anxiety when disconnected from their phones.
Conclusion: The findings highlight a strong relationship between mobile application overuse and negative health outcomes. Excessive use, particularly of social media, entertainment, and gaming apps, was linked with impaired sleep, physical discomfort, and psychological distress. These results call for greater attention in clinical practice, targeted public health interventions, and national policies to promote balanced and mindful technology use.