Reframing Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in type 2 Diabetes: Clinical and Mechanistic-Level Insights from Non-Insulin-Based Biomarkers

Situmbeko Liweleya; Lukundo Siame; Benson M Hamooya; Alexander Chota; Joreen P Povia; Nelson Wandira; Annet Kirabo; Sepiso K Masenga

doi:10.1093/ajh/hpag010

Reframing Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in type 2 Diabetes: Clinical and Mechanistic-Level Insights from Non-Insulin-Based Biomarkers

Am J Hypertens. 2026 Feb 14:hpag010. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpag010. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Situmbeko Liweleya^{1

2}, Lukundo Siame^{1

2}, Benson M Hamooya¹, Alexander Chota³, Joreen P Povia⁴, Nelson Wandira⁵, Annet Kirabo^{6

7}, Sepiso K Masenga^{1

2

6

7}

Affiliations

¹ HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone campus, Zambia.
² Department of Cardiovascular Science and Metabolic Diseases, Livingstone Center for Prevention and Translational Science, Livingstone, Zambia.
³ Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Health Economics, Livingstone Center for Prevention and Translational Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
⁵ Busoga University Institute of Health Sciences, Iganga, Uganda P.O.BOX 154.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Genetics and Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, United States.
⁷ Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.

PMID: 41691461
DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpag010

No abstract available

Keywords: Cardiometabolic Risk; Hypertension; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Dysfunction; Non-Insulin Biomarkers; Precision Medicine; Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index; Type 2 Diabetes.