Defining Alzheimer's disease: stipulations and the ethics of diagnostic change

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2026 Jun 12;97(7):660-668. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2025-337832.

Robin Michalon^{1

2}, Vincent Planche^{3

4}, Maël Lemoine⁵, Lara Keuck^{6

7}, Nicolas Villain^{8

9}

¹ CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France.
² Centre Alexandre Koyré, Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques, Aubervilliers, Île-de-France, France.
³ University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.
⁴ Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherches, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
⁵ University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immuno ConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France.
⁶ Department of History and Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, History and Philosophy of Medicine Group, Bielefeld, Germany.
⁷ Institute for Studies of Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
⁸ Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France nicolas.villain@aphp.fr.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.

No abstract available

Keywords: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE; DEMENTIA.