1 Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA. Electronic address: cyong@stanford.edu.
2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Epidemiology (Chronic Diseases), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
3 Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale/Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.