Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery

Veronica Lerner; Amanda Ulrich; Chi Chiung Grace Chen; Jan Baekalandt

doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000006198

Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery

Obstet Gynecol. 2026 Apr 1;147(4):e66-e90. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000006198. Epub 2026 Mar 6.

Authors

Veronica Lerner¹, Amanda Ulrich, Chi Chiung Grace Chen, Jan Baekalandt

Affiliation

¹ Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, and the Zucker School of Medicine, Uniondale, New York; the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, and the Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

PMID: 41785457
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000006198

Abstract

As vaginal hysterectomy rates continued to decline, vNOTES (vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) emerged. vNOTES offers the advantage of combining the benefits of laparoscopy with improved visualization, instrumentation, and hemostasis with the vaginal route. In this review, we describe the vNOTES technique in gynecologic surgical procedures, review available evidence, and discuss future directions.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05971875.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Female
Gynecologic Surgical Procedures* / methods
Humans
Hysterectomy, Vaginal* / methods
Laparoscopy* / methods
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / methods
Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery* / methods
Vagina / surgery

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05971875