Macrophage-centered immunotherapy for osteosarcoma: mechanisms, repolarization, and translational strategies

World J Surg Oncol. 2026 Mar 7. doi: 10.1186/s12957-026-04288-5. Online ahead of print.

¹ Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Quanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 388 Sunjiang Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
² Department of Clinical Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA. jianan.chen@moffitt.org.
³ Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Quanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 388 Sunjiang Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, China. 786985821@qq.com.

No abstract available

Keywords: Immunotherapy; Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor-associated macrophages.

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