Age, sex, and ethnic differences in substance use and/or substance use disorders among runaway and homeless youth: A meta-analysis and meta-regression

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2026 Mar 7. doi: 10.1007/s00787-026-02986-9. Online ahead of print.

Bahram Armoon¹, Alain Lesage^{2

3}, Arash Bahremand^{2

3}, Stéphane Potvin², Rasool Mohammadi⁴, Mark D Griffiths⁵, Robert-Paul Juster^{2

6}, Stéphane Guay^{2

6

7}

¹ Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. bahramarmun@gmail.com.
² Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁴ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
⁵ International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
⁶ Département de Psychiatrie Et d'Addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
⁷ École de Criminologie, Faculté Des Arts Et Des Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

No abstract available

Keywords: Adolescents; Ethnicity; Runaway and homeless youth; Sex; Substance use; Young adults.

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