Quality and reliability of glaucoma-related online Chinese videos on Douyin and Bilibili: Cross-sectional content analysis study

Dangdang Wang; Yanyu Pu; Yunfei Li; Yang Peng; Yuyan He; Xi Gao; Huiyu Zhu; Wenyi Wang; Shaowen Du; Hong Li

doi:10.1177/20552076261431461

Quality and reliability of glaucoma-related online Chinese videos on Douyin and Bilibili: Cross-sectional content analysis study

Digit Health. 2026 Mar 7:12:20552076261431461. doi: 10.1177/20552076261431461. eCollection 2026 Jan-Dec.

Authors

Dangdang Wang¹, Yanyu Pu¹, Yunfei Li², Yang Peng¹, Yuyan He¹, Xi Gao¹, Huiyu Zhu³, Wenyi Wang¹, Shaowen Du⁴, Hong Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
⁴ School of Economics and Finance, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China.

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, with a rising global prevalence, driving an increased public search for health information online. Online video platforms, such as Douyin and Bilibili, have become key channels for health communication. However, the quality and reliability of glaucoma-related content on these platforms remain unclear, raising concerns regarding potential misinformation.

Methods: On 22 October 2025, the top 100 Chinese-language videos of glaucoma from Douyin and Bilibili were systematically collected. The video metadata and engagement metrics were recorded. Quality and reliability were assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS), modified Decision-making Information Support Criteria for Evaluating the Reliability of Nonrandomized Studies (mDISCERN), JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) benchmark criteria, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) for Audio Visual Content. Statistical analysis including Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationships between video variables and quality scores.

Results: Douyin videos exhibited significantly higher user interaction (likes, comments, shares, and saves) than Bilibili videos. However, the Bilibili videos demonstrated significantly higher median scores for GQS and PEMAT actionability. Videos from professional sources, particularly institutions, and those focusing on disease prevention or using expert monologue/visual aids consistently showed superior quality and reliability across all the assessment tools. Spearman correlation revealed that longer video duration was positively correlated with higher GQS, mDISCERN, and PEMAT understandability scores, whereas fewer comments were negatively correlated with these scores.

Conclusions: The overall quality and reliability of glaucoma-related online videos from Douyin and Bilibili were suboptimal. Content from nonprofessional sources was problematic. These findings highlight the need for public vigilance when consuming health information on such platforms, and underscore the importance of encouraging greater involvement from healthcare professionals in creating accurate, high-quality educational content.

Keywords: Bilibili; Douyin; GQS; Glaucoma; JAMA benchmark criteria; PEMAT-A/V; modified DISCERN score.