Diagnostic uncertainty of clinical T2 disease and its impact on treatment stratification in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
• ² Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. shuya79@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
• ³ Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
• ⁴ Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
• ⁵ Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.
• ⁶ Department of Urology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
• ⁷ Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
• ⁸ Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan.
• ⁹ Division of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
• ¹⁰ Department of Renal and Urological Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan.
• ¹¹ Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.