Evaluation of Shoulder Mobility After Breast Reconstruction With a Lipofilled Latissimus Dorsi Mini-Flap: A Prospective Cohort Study

Breast J. 2026 Mar 8:2026:5107548. doi: 10.1155/tbj/5107548. eCollection 2026.

Abstract

Background: The lipofilled latissimus dorsi mini-flap (LDMF-L) broadens autologous breast-reconstruction options, yet its functional impact on the shoulder remains uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate shoulder strength, range of motion (ROM) and patient-reported upper-limb function QuickDash 90 days after breast reconstruction with the LDMF-L.

Methods: Prospective cohort of 20 patients operated on between November 2022 and November 2024. Inclusion: Breast cancer requiring immediate or delayed reconstruction with LDMF-L; exclusion: Implant use or major pre-existing limitation. Strength (Oxford scale), ROM (goniometry) and QuickDASH score were assessed preoperatively and at 90 days. Wilcoxon, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney and McNemar tests were used appropriately (α = 0.05).

Results: Mean age 54 ± 11.8 years; immediate/delayed reconstruction = 50/50%. Strength remained unchanged in 85% (p = 1.000). Active flexion and abduction showed significant reductions (p = 0.016 and 0.045), with no difference in rotations. QuickDASH increased from 8 ± 16 to 19 ± 24 (p = 0.008); nevertheless, 80% stayed within minimal/mild disability.

Conclusions: The LDMF-L preserves strength and produces only mild early ROM decreases with limited functional impact, supporting its functional safety as an implant-free autologous option.

Keywords: breast reconstruction; latissimus dorsi; lipofilling; mini-flap; shoulder function.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mammaplasty* / adverse effects
  • Mammaplasty* / methods
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle Strength
  • Prospective Studies
  • Range of Motion, Articular* / physiology
  • Shoulder Joint* / physiopathology
  • Superficial Back Muscles* / transplantation
  • Surgical Flaps*