Gliosarcoma: A Reappraisal of Neuroradiological, Surgical, Morphological, and Radiotherapeutic Characteristics of a Cohort From South Italy Single-Center

Anal Cell Pathol (Amst). 2026;2026(1):e4966984. doi: 10.1155/ancp/4966984.

Abstract

Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare and aggressive variant of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), characterized by a biphasic histopathological pattern featuring both glial and mesenchymal components. Accounting for 2% of all GBM cases, this brain tumor is known for its poor prognosis, rapid progression, and resistance to conventional treatments. Despite advances in molecular profiling and multimodal treatment strategies, GS remains a therapeutic challenge due to their highly invasive nature and limited response to standard regimens. The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuroradiological, surgical, clinicopathological, and radiotherapeutic profiles of a cohort of patients affected by GS, including two recurrences of disease.

Keywords: central nervous system; gliosarcoma; imaging; immunohistochemistry; prognosis; radiotherapy.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Brain Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Brain Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Gliosarcoma* / diagnostic imaging
  • Gliosarcoma* / pathology
  • Gliosarcoma* / radiotherapy
  • Gliosarcoma* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Italy
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Prognosis