Do competitive athletes with cardiovascular diseases need a dedicated sports cardiac rehabilitation clinical pathway? Towards a precision exercise medicine approach

Affiliations

• ¹ Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
• ² Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Street Mohamed Karoui, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia.
• ³ Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Saint Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
• ⁴ Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
• ⁵ Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä, Finland.
• ⁶ Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland.
• ⁷ Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁸ Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.