Cardiovascular Disease and Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Young Individuals: An Evolving Challenge

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases is the primary cause of death worldwide, responsible for about 17.9 million casualties annually. Among these, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) emerging as an increasing health challenge, especially in younger populations. A large number of SCA cases occur in individuals under 50, where inherited arrhythmias and structural cardiac disorder, like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are predominant causes, while coronary artery disease is the major cause in older adults. In spite of advancements in medicine, survival rate after SCA remains critically low. Early detection by family screening and genetic testing, combined with public awareness and education is vital to reduce the risk of sudden tragedy. This review synthesizes evidence on epidemiology, trends, and preventive strategies, highlighting the need to integrate precision medicine, campaigns for public health and focused awareness programs to counter the growing global burden of SCA among young individuals.

Keywords: Arrythmias; cardiomyopathies; cardiovascular diseases; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; sudden cardiac arrest.