Downward bias in the association between APOE and Alzheimer's disease using prevalent and by-proxy disease sampling in the All of Us research program

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, G011 Wahl Hall East, Mail Stop 3043, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. cmansel@kumc.edu.
• ² Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
• ³ Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
• ⁴ Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
• ⁵ Early Detection and Prevention Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
• ⁷ Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁸ All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, G011 Wahl Hall East, Mail Stop 3043, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.