Awareness and knowledge gaps about pediatric rare disease among anesthesia practitioners in China: a survey-based study

Yan Ming Kang; Zhen Xia; Xiang Li; Xiao Qin Jiang; Na Hu; Jiang Han; Sai Nan Duan; Dong Xu Chen

doi:10.1186/s12887-026-06957-6

Awareness and knowledge gaps about pediatric rare disease among anesthesia practitioners in China: a survey-based study

BMC Pediatr. 2026 May 2. doi: 10.1186/s12887-026-06957-6. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yan Ming Kang^#^{1

2}, Zhen Xia^#³, Xiang Li^{1

2}, Xiao Qin Jiang^{1

2

4}, Na Hu^{1

2}, Jiang Han^{1

2}, Sai Nan Duan^{1

2}, Dong Xu Chen⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Sect. 3 People South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
² Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
³ West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17, section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, 610041, China.
⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China. scucdx@foxmail.com.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 42069511
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-026-06957-6

Abstract

Background: Anesthetic management of pediatric patients with rare diseases presents substantial perioperative challenges and risks. This study evaluated the clinical competency and specific educational needs of anesthesia practitioners in China regarding the perioperative management of this vulnerable patient population.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2024 and March 2025, involving 2127 anesthesia practitioners across China. Data were collected via a validated anonymous questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

Result: Among the 2,127 participants, 93.5% were anesthesiologists and 6.5% were nurse anesthetists. Of these, 43.2% (919/2127) reported previous experience in administering anesthesia to children with rare diseases. Despite this exposure, self-assessed competency levels were notably insufficient. Only 9.0% (191/2127) of respondents reported comprehensive knowledge of pediatric rare diseases, and 15.0% (318/2127) expressed adequate confidence in perioperative management protocols. Objective assessment of specific knowledge domains revealed considerable deficiencies: 14.9% (317/2127) of respondents correctly identified contraindications in muscular dystrophy, 6.6% (141/2127) demonstrated adequate understanding of difficult airway indicators, and merely 3.9% (82/2127) accurately recognized depolarizing agent risks. Comparative analysis between self-rated high-familiarity and low-familiarity groups revealed that direct clinical exposure was significantly associated with practitioners' understanding of pediatric rare diseases. Regarding the development of future anesthesia support systems for pediatric rare diseases, practitioners identified two primary requirements: comprehensive diagnostic information (58.6%, 1246/2127) and detailed anesthesia contraindications (57.0%, 1212/2127). Additionally, 50.1% (1065/2127) of respondents emphasized the importance of real-time knowledge base updates to ensure access to current clinical guidelines and safety protocols.

Conclusion: This study highlights substantial knowledge gaps and insufficient confidence among anesthesia practitioners in the perioperative management of children with rare diseases, underscoring an urgent need for enhanced training and robust support systems in this specialized area.

Keywords: Anesthesia; Knowledge gaps; Perioperative support system; Rare diseases.

Abstract

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