Fish and bioactive compounds derived from fish are recognized for their exceptional nutritional and functional properties, and are therefore considered valuable ingredients in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the nutritional value of fish, focusing on key components such as high-quality proteins, amino acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals. Bioactive compounds derived from fish, such as fish protein hydrolysates, fish oil, bone-derived minerals, squalene, enzymes, collagen, and gelatin, are particularly highlighted due to their association with various physiological benefits. It also examines how these components contribute to human health through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects. Additionally, the various industrial applications of fish-based bioactives are discussed. In the functional food industry, these compounds enhance nutritional value and support health beyond basic nutrition. In the pharmaceutical industry, molecules derived from fish are used in disease prevention and therapeutic formulations, while in the cosmetics industry, they contribute to anti-aging and skin-renewing products. Finally, the need for sustainable resource use and challenges are emphasized.
Keywords: Fish-derived bioactive compounds; Functional foods; Nutritional benefits; Omega-3 fatty acids.
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