Janus kinase(JAK) inhibitors can effectively regulate excessive immune and inflammatory responses by targeting and blocking the JAK-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway. This provides an important direction for breaking through the traditional limitations in the treatment of immune-related skin diseases in children. This article reviews the mechanism of action of JAK inhibitors and the approved indications, and systematically summarizes the current application status of these inhibitors in the treatment of pediatric dermatological disorders. In common pediatric skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, vitiligo, and psoriasis, JAK inhibitors, both topical and oral formulations, have been preliminarily verified for their effectiveness through basic research and clinical trials. Some drugs have received approval for specific pediatric populations, providing new options for clinical treatment. Currently, the application of JAK inhibitors in the pediatric field still faces challenges, such as widespread off-label use, insufficient high-quality clinical research evidence, and potential safety risks that need to be addressed. Future studies should focus on comprehensive and rigorous investigations to define optimized therapeutic strategies for this intervention in pediatric populations, advance its standardization in clinical practice, support the precise prevention and management of pediatric dermatological disorders, and ultimately address unmet needs in both clinical care and public health protection.
Janus激酶（JAK）抑制剂通过靶向阻断JAK信号转导和转录激活因子信号通路，可有效调控过度激活的免疫与炎症反应，为儿童免疫相关性皮肤疾病的治疗提供了新的突破方向。本文围绕JAK抑制剂的作用机制、获批适应证展开梳理，系统阐述了其在特应性皮炎、斑秃、白癜风、银屑病等儿童常见皮肤疾病的应用现状，JAK抑制剂无论是外用还是口服制剂，均通过基础研究与临床试验初步验证了其有效性，部分药物已获批用于儿童人群，为临床治疗提供了新选择。当前，JAK抑制剂在儿童领域的应用仍面临挑战，如超适应证用药、缺少高质量临床研究证据、存在潜在安全性风险等问题亟待解决。未来需通过更深入的研究明确其在儿童群体中的优化应用方案，推动其规范化发展，为儿童皮肤疾病的精准防控提供支撑，从而更好地满足儿童皮肤疾病的临床治疗与公共卫生保障需求。.