The 2026 FIFA World Cup: Communicable disease risks and advice for visitors to Canada, the United States, and Mexico

Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales; Ivan Arturo Rodríguez-Sabogal; Beatriz Elena Porras-Pedroza; Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez; Daniel Grisales-Nieto; Florencia Escarrá; Pasesa Pascuala Quispe-Torrez; Francisco Javier Membrillo; Tomás Orduna; Susana Lloveras; Tânia S S Chaves; Miguel M Cabada; Cecilia Perret; René Echavarría; Ana F Ribeiro; Melinda Tanabe; Fernando Bazzino; Maximiliano Ramirez; Baruch Diaz; Karen Mirna Loro Morejón; Karen Daly; Reinaldo Rosas; Maria Belen Lopez; Cristina Miranda; Marisa Liliana Fernandez; Yasemin Özsürekçi; Wasin Matsee; Yenddy Carrero; Cristian Biscayart; Sergio Cimerman; Maria L Avila-Aguero; Roberto Debbag; Jose Brea; Alejandro Risquez; Jaime David Acosta-España; Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez; Carlos Espinal; Carlos N Torres-Martinez; Marta González-Sanz; Aula Abbara; Jill Weatherhead; Mario Masana

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.102995

The 2026 FIFA World Cup: Communicable disease risks and advice for visitors to Canada, the United States, and Mexico

Travel Med Infect Dis. 2026 May 28:102995. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.102995. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales¹, Ivan Arturo Rodríguez-Sabogal², Beatriz Elena Porras-Pedroza³, Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez⁴, Daniel Grisales-Nieto⁵, Florencia Escarrá⁶, Pasesa Pascuala Quispe-Torrez⁷, Francisco Javier Membrillo⁸, Tomás Orduna⁹, Susana Lloveras¹⁰, Tânia S S Chaves¹¹, Miguel M Cabada¹², Cecilia Perret¹³, René Echavarría¹⁴, Ana F Ribeiro¹⁵, Melinda Tanabe¹⁶, Fernando Bazzino¹⁷, Maximiliano Ramirez¹⁸, Baruch Diaz¹⁹, Karen Mirna Loro Morejón²⁰, Karen Daly²¹, Reinaldo Rosas²², Maria Belen Lopez²³, Cristina Miranda²⁴, Marisa Liliana Fernandez²⁵, Yasemin Özsürekçi²⁶, Wasin Matsee²⁷, Yenddy Carrero²⁸, Cristian Biscayart²⁹, Sergio Cimerman³⁰, Maria L Avila-Aguero³¹, Roberto Debbag³², Jose Brea³³, Alejandro Risquez³⁴, Jaime David Acosta-España³⁵, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez³⁶, Carlos Espinal³⁷, Carlos N Torres-Martinez³⁸, Marta González-Sanz³⁹, Aula Abbara⁴⁰, Jill Weatherhead⁴¹, Mario Masana⁴²

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 15046, Peru. Electronic address: arodriguezmo@cientifica.edu.pe.
² Hospital San Vicente Fundación de Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia; Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogota, DC, Colombia. Electronic address: doctorivanrodriguez@gmail.com.
³ Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, DC, Colombia. Electronic address: dramedtrop@gmail.com.
⁴ Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia. Electronic address: afaccini@gmail.com.
⁵ Program of Family Medicine Specialization, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de Las Américas, Risaralda, Pereira, Colombia. Electronic address: daniel.grisales@uam.edu.co.
⁶ Teaching Hospital of Clinical Research and Medical Education Center (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas, CEMIC) "Norberto Quirno", Fundación de Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: florescarra@gmail.com.
⁷ Dr. Radamés Nardini Clinical Hospital - ABC Santo André, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: pasesa2@hotmail.com.
⁸ Hospital Central de la Defensa "Gómez Ulla", Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: javier@doctormembrillo.com.
⁹ Hospital de Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz (Travel and Tropical Medicine Consultant), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Scientific Committee of Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: torduna@intramed.net.
¹⁰ Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Jefatura, Sección de Zoopatología Médica, Argentine Infectious Diseases Society (SADI), Buenos Aires, Argentina; SLAMVI (Latin American Society of Travel Medicine), San Juan, PR, USA; Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: sclloveras@gmail.com.
¹¹ Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Ministry of Brazil, Rodovia BR 316 Km 07, S/N, Ananindeua, Pará, CEP 67030-000, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brazil; Curso de Medicina - Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Belém, PA, Brazil. Electronic address: tania.chaves@uol.com.br.
¹² Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. Electronic address: micabada@utmb.edu.
¹³ Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: cperret@uc.cl.
¹⁴ Official Vaccination & Travel Clinic, 122 Cll Rodrigo de Triana, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Electronic address: dr.echevarriacofino@gmail.com.
¹⁵ Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: anafribeiro1@gmail.com.
¹⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. Electronic address: mbtanabe@utmb.edu.
¹⁷ Infectología Pediátrica - Policlínica de Medicina del Viajero, Hospital Británico, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: fbazzino@gmail.com.
¹⁸ Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: mrramirez@uc.cl.
¹⁹ Travel Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Electronic address: baruchjdr@clinicadeviajero.unam.mx.
²⁰ Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: karenmorejon@gmail.com.
²¹ Communications Commission, Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI), Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: karenmdaly@gmail.com.
²² Hospital Regional de Coyhaique y Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: travelmedicine.chile@gmail.com.
²³ Hospital F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: mariabelenlopezc@gmail.com.
²⁴ Hospital Provincial Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina; Ministry of Health - Province of Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina. Electronic address: cristinamiranda2806@gmail.com.
²⁵ Hospital de Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Fatala Chaben, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: marisa.fernandez@gmail.com.
²⁶ Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: yas.oguz99@yahoo.com.
²⁷ Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: wasin.mat@mahidol.ac.th.
²⁸ Universidad Ecotec, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador. Electronic address: yenddycarrero@yahoo.es.
²⁹ Fundación GESICA (Grupo de Estudios Sobre Investigación Clínica en Argentina), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: cristianbiscayart@hotmail.com.
³⁰ Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil; Infectious diseases, Unip Campus Alphaville, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: scimerman@uol.com.br.
³¹ Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica; Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: avilaaguero@gmail.com.
³² Latin-American Vaccinology Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: rdebbag@hotmail.com.
³³ Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Electronic address: drbrea@gmail.com.
³⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. Electronic address: risqueza@gmail.com.
³⁵ Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. Electronic address: jdacosta@puce.edu.ec.
³⁶ Servicio de Aislamiento, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica; Academia Nacional de Medicina de Costa Rica (ACANAMED), San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: rolandoug@gmail.com.
³⁷ Department of Global Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: caespina@fiu.edu.
³⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia. Electronic address: catorres@uniandes.edu.co.
³⁹ Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Syria Public Health Network, United Kingdom; MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: aula.abbara@gmail.com.
⁴⁰ National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marta.gonzs@salud.madrid.org.
⁴¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Jill.Weatherhead@bcm.edu.
⁴² Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: mariomasana@gmail.com.

PMID: 42214730
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.102995

No abstract available

Keywords: FIFA World Cup 2026; Infectious diseases; International travelers; Mass gatherings; Measles; Soccer; Travel medicine; Vaccination.

Publication types

Editorial