Biomimetic Hematoma Enables Healing in Complex Periprosthetic Fracture Nonunion with Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report

JBJS Case Connect. 2026 Jun 5;16(2). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.26.00065. eCollection 2026 Apr 1.

Abstract

Case: An 80-year-old women with multiple comorbidities and a history of revision total knee arthroplasty presented with a periprosthetic tibial nonunion and severe varus deformity. She underwent dual-plate fixation with a biomimetic hematoma (BH) scaffold delivering recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to manage oligotrophic nonunion. Radiographs confirmed complete union at 4 months. Following surgery and tirzepatide initiation, she progressed from wheelchair dependence to full weight bearing with walker assistance at 1 year, achieving a 75-pound weight loss.

Conclusion: The BH delivering low-dose rhBMP-2 enabled successful bone healing and functional recovery in a medically complex patient, highlighting its potential in the treatment of challenging periprosthetic nonunions.

Keywords: BMP-2; ORIF; biomimetic hematoma; bone graft; bone healing; internal fixation; nonunion; periprosthetic fracture; scaffold; tibia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / adverse effects
  • Biomimetic Materials
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2* / administration & dosage
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2* / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Fracture Healing* / drug effects
  • Fractures, Ununited* / surgery
  • Hematoma*
  • Humans
  • Periprosthetic Fractures* / diagnostic imaging
  • Periprosthetic Fractures* / surgery
  • Recombinant Proteins / administration & dosage
  • Recombinant Proteins / therapeutic use
  • Tibial Fractures* / surgery
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta* / administration & dosage
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta
  • recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2