PIP: This retrospective analysis compares laparoscopy versus culdoscopy results in the investigation of infertility. 52 women underwent culdoscopy; 49 women underwent laparoscopy. Then a change in method was made due to the acquisition of a cold-light laparoscopy. A third group of 73 women were examined with the new instrument. Culdoscopy was done under local anesthesia; laparoscopy under general. Ages of patients, duration of infertility, and frequency of previous pregnancies were similar for each group. In the first 2 groups endometriosis was found in 13 instances by culdoscopy but in only 3 by laparoscopy. Adhesions to the fallopian tubes were more frequently seen by laparoscopy. These difference are thought to be due to the different areas of the ovaries and tubes visible through the instruments. In the third series of cases greater care in examining the under-side of the ovaries at laparoscopy increased the incidence of discovered endometriosis. A total of 26 cases of endometriosis was diagnosed by these methods. In 16 instances the diagnoses were verified at laparotomy and subsequent pathological examination. There was 1 case of incorrect diagnosis by each method. In 8 cases laparotomy was not considered necessary.