PIP: This review of prostaglandins (PGs) in reproductive physiology discusses nomenclature, biosynthesis, separation, and analysis, and then focuses on studies with PGs from various sources, including human semen. The structural formulas of human seminal PGs are reproduced in the text. The relationship between PGs and uterine function, fallopian tube function (and possible sperm transport), and ovarian function is reviewed. Recent studies which suggest possible roles for PGs in luteolysis, ovum transport, and implantation suggest that PGs have potential as antifertility agents. An addendum is included which summarizes PG pharmacological data from various sources.