Passive transfer of immune serum alone did not confer protection to recipient mice irrespective of the routes of serum transfer or cercarial challenge of Schistosoma mansoni. Mice that received both sensitized cells and immune serum were protected against challenge by subcutaneous injection of cercariae but not by percutaneous exposure. The immune serum could be transferred as late as 8 days after subcutaneous challenge, suggesting that the protection was afforded in part by a late parasite killing mechanism which functions after the schistosomula have migrated through the lungs.