Lupus erythematodes is related to the vegetative nervous system in Raynaud's disease, the butterfly distribution in the face, the involvement of the lateral part of the eyebrows (Hertoghe) and in cerebral attacks. Involvement of peripheral and central animal nervous systems is common and produces primary and secondary syndromes. Prominent are polymyositis or lupus-myopathy, in the brain mainly functional psychoses, epileptiform attacks, and a variety of focal, often very massive, signs. There are very clear differences from the neurologic signs of dermatomyositis, less so from arteritis nodosa and even less from progressive sclerodermia. Peripheral neurologic syndromes in lupus erythematosus are less common and more subtle than in arteritis nodosa. Bio-electric parameters of the petitmal-trias have been found. The relative absence of collagenoses from the spinal cord is also noticed in lupus erythematosus. Signs of involvement here appear to be limited and often subacute. Differential diagnosis has to consider many neurologic diseases, a special problem when MS is simulated just as in sclerodermia. Since cerbral attacks appear early in about 5%, the use of anticonvulsive drugs, particularly of the hydantoin group, provides special problems. Signs of myasthenia demand further attention. The neuropathologic changes are known in essential points and can obviously hardly be mistaken for inflammatory processes due to other causes. Certain basic facts appear to apply to other collagenoses. All 4 "grand" or "classic" collagen diseases are very similar and have much in common, but also show more or less definite differences. This is true for their clinical and anatomical appearance and last but not least to their neurologic aspects. The "roof-concept" of Collagenosis" is once more proved to be justified. As far as is known today the autonomic system plays a decisive and obligatory role only is sclerodermia. This syndrome is also the only one which contains the odd phenomenon of atrophy of which the best-known form is facial hemia-atrophy.