Environmental stress has been implicated as an important factor in the relapse of schizophrenic patients receiving optimal drug therapy. In a randomized controlled study, we compared at-home family therapy with clinic-based individual supportive care in the community management of schizophrenia in 36 patients taking neuroleptic maintenance medications. The family-treatment approach sought to enhance the stress-reducing capacity of the patient and his or her family through improved understanding of the illness and training in behavioral methods of problem solving. The results at the end of nine months revealed the superiority of this approach in preventing major symptomatic exacerbations. Only one family-treated patient (6 per cent of all patients) was judged to have had a clinical relapse, as compared with eight patients (44 per cent) treated individually. Family-treated patients averaged 0.83 days in the hospital, as compared with 8.39 days for the comparison group. Significantly lower levels of schizophrenic symptomatology on blind rating-scale assessments supported these clinical observations of the superiority of family management.