1. In human subjects, microelectrode recordings were made from 25 muscle spindle afferents and two tendon organ afferents coming from muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve. 2. Stimulation at low intensity through the recording microelectrode activated efferent axons innervating motor units in close proximity to the muscle spindle or tendon organ. There was a clear alteration in the discharge of 17 afferents (15 muscle spindle, 2 tendon organ) in response to twitch contractions that involved only one, two, or three motor units. With three other afferents there was a less overt but statistically significant alteration in discharge rate by the twitch contraction of a single motor unit. 3. The sensitivity of 21 receptors (20 spindles, 1 tendon organ) to twitch contractions of anatomically close motor units was contrasted with their sensitivity to twitches of more remote motor units in the muscle. In no instance was the sensitivity to the contraction of remote motor units greater than that to the contraction of local motor units stimulated through the microelectrode; with remote stimulation many units usually had to be activated before the resulting twitch contraction altered the discharge of an afferent. 4. It is concluded that muscle spindles as well as tendon organs can play a role in monitoring the activity of motor units anatomically close to the receptor.