Hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B, Pasteur) was assessed in 52 healthy and 25 haemodialysis individuals. The percentage of hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion was 100% in the first group but only 57.7% in the other one. The mean levels of hepatitis B surface antibody, 3 months after the first injection were respectively 222 and 42 milli International Units per ml. Five health-care workers, who experienced an accidental exposure were protected by a combined passive-active immunization.