Abstract
Five hundred and eighty birthmarks were reviewed; 356 were hemangiomas and 224 were malformations. Bony alterations occurred in association with only 1 percent of hemangiomas, in contrast with 34 percent of patients with vascular malformations. These alterations in bone development were classified according to size, shape, and density changes. Hypertrophy and distortion were typical of lymphatic malformations. Hypoplasia and demineralization were characteristic findings in the extremity venous malformations. Destructive and intraosseous changes were more commonly noted in the arterial or high-flow lesions. Possible mechanisms of altered skeletal growth include mechanical, physiological, and developmental processes.
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Arm
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Arteriovenous Malformations / diagnostic imaging
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Arteriovenous Malformations / pathology*
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Bone and Bones / abnormalities*
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Bone and Bones / diagnostic imaging
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Bone and Bones / pathology
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Diphosphonates
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Female
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Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
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Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology*
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Hemangioma / congenital
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Hemangioma / diagnostic imaging
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Hemangioma / pathology*
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Humans
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Infant
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Leg
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Radionuclide Imaging
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Retrospective Studies
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Skin Neoplasms / congenital
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Skin Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
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Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
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Technetium
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Technetium Tc 99m Medronate
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Terminology as Topic
Substances
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Diphosphonates
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Technetium
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Technetium Tc 99m Medronate