Block of squid axon K channels by internally and externally applied barium ions

J Gen Physiol. 1982 Nov;80(5):663-82. doi: 10.1085/jgp.80.5.663.

Abstract

We have studied the interactions of Ba ion with K channels. Ba2+ blocks these channels when applied either internally or externally in millimolar concentrations. Periodic depolarizations enhance block with internal Ba2+, but diminish the block caused by external Ba2+. At rest, dissociation of Ba2+ from blocked channels is very slow, as ascertained by infrequent test pulses applied after washing Ba2+ form either inside or outside. The time constant for recovery from internal and external Ba2+ is the same. Frequent pulsing greatly shortens recovery time constant after washing away both Ba2+in and Ba2+out. Block by Ba2+ applied internally or externally is voltage dependent. Internal Ba2+ block behaves like a one-step reaction governed by a dissociation constant (Kd) that decreases e-fold/12 mV increase of pulse voltage: block deepens with more positive pulse voltage. For external Ba2+, Kd decreases e-fold/18 mV as holding potential is made more negative: block deepens with increasing negativity. Millimolar external concentrations of some cations can either lessen (K+) or enhance (NH+4, Cs+) block by external Ba2+. NH+4 apparently enhances block by slowing exist of Ba ions from the channels. Rb+ and Cs+ also slow clearing of Ba ions from channels. We think that (a) internally applied Ba2+ moves all the way through the channels, entering only when activation gates are open; (b) externally applied Ba2+ moves two-thirds of the way in, entering predominantly when activation gates are closed; (c) at a given voltage, Ba2+ occupies the same position in the channels whether it entered from inside or outside.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Axons / physiology*
  • Barium / pharmacology*
  • Cations / pharmacology
  • Culture Media
  • Decapodiformes
  • Ion Channels / drug effects*
  • Permeability
  • Potassium / metabolism*
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / pharmacology
  • Rubidium / pharmacology
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Cations
  • Culture Media
  • Ion Channels
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  • Barium
  • Rubidium
  • Potassium