Case report of a 71 years old female with multiple hyperplasiogenic gastric polyps with malignant transformation of two polyps. So far, the hyperplasiogenic polyp was considered to be only an "indicator lesion" because the incidence of gastric cancer (apart from the polyps themselves) was found to be increased in these patients. This opinion has to be revised in view of the present case. The consequences for diagnosis, treatment and nosologic classification of hyperplasiogenic gastric polyps are discussed.