Late complications (following hospital discharge) occurring in 206 consecutive pars plana vitrectomy cases, comprising a subgroup of 100 consecutive cases for diabetic retinopathy, are reviewed. Ocular hypertension, occurring as neovascular glaucoma, was present in 18% of diabetic eyes, but other causes of ocular hypertension gave an overall incidence of 26%. Electron microscopy, scanning, and transmission photographs document the devastating ocular neovascularization occurring postvitrectomy.