Based on a statistical analysis of 1296 cases of esophageal cancer for the period of 1970--1972, there was noted an irregular incidence of this lesion in the Gur'evsk Province administrative districts: high rates of esophageal cancer incidence (from 129,0 +/- 3,9 to 154,3 +/- 3,6 cases per 100,000 of population) were found in Balkashinsk, Kzyl-Kugisnk, Makatsk, Embinsk districts and the Shevchenko Fort. As a whole, the rate of esophageal cancer incidence in the Province remains as high as before, being 79,4 +/- 6,2 for males and 90,5 +/- 4,0 for females, the standardized indices--126,6 +/- 1,4 and 112,7 +/- 6,2 accordingly per 100,000 of population of the corresponding sex group. Esophageal cancer most frequently affected persons of both sex aged 50 and over, but especially high rates were noted in persons aged 60 and over. With regard to the ethnic factor esophageal cancer is observed in Kazakhs 5 times as frequently as in Russians and 9.5 times as in other nationalities.