On the crawling of cells

J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1984 Nov:83 Suppl:329-64.

Abstract

Motile cells moving in vitro do so via a characteristic motile appendage, the lamellipod, a broad, flat region of the cell cytoplasm which extends ahead of the moving cell, and which is devoid of organelles. I describe here a mechanochemical model for how the lamellipod propels the cell forward. The propulsive force for the spreading of the lamella derives from the swelling pressure of the cytogel within the lamellipod. A local change in ionic conditions - caused by a leak through the leading membrane - activates solating factors, which upsets the equilibrium between the gel osmotic pressure and its elasticity. Subsequently, regelling and contraction pull the cell forward. The model is in accordance with a diverse array of experimental observations on cell motility, and suggests a common physical mechanism underlying a variety of cell motility phenomena.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Actomyosin / physiology
  • Animals
  • Calcium / physiology
  • Cell Membrane / physiology
  • Cell Movement*
  • Cytoplasm / physiology
  • Elasticity
  • Gels
  • Models, Biological
  • Osmolar Concentration
  • Osmotic Pressure

Substances

  • Gels
  • Actomyosin
  • Calcium