PIP: There is currently a great need for a safe and reliable method of birth control in view of the medical hazards associated with the use of artificial contraceptives. The early natural methods of breastfeeding, calendar rhythm, and temperature have been superseded by 2 modern and highly effective methods: the ovulation method and the symptothermal method, which may be used to both achieve and avoid pregnancy. The ovulation method is based on a woman's observation of the behavior of her cervical mucus, which changes in character throughout the menstrual cycle. In addition to mucus observation, the symptothermal method includes temperature taking and cervical palpation. The results of several studies have found the natural methods to be comparable in effectiveness to contraceptive pills and the intrauterine device, although proper teaching and motivation of couples is required for their successful application. The periods of abstinence involved appear to engender improvements in the marriage. Knowledge of these methods is invaluable to midwifery. Various types of birth control methods including: combination estrogen/progestin pill; progestin only pill; intrauterine device; diaphragm (with cream, foam, or jelly); foam alone; cream or jelly alone; condom; female sterilization; male sterilization; calendar rhythm; basal body temperature; mucus; basal body temperature or mucus: postovulatory phase alone are compared for effectiveness (pregnancies per 100 woman years), and side effects/complications.