Embolotherapy for nonneoplastic vascular diseases including hemorrhage and congenital vascular malformations is reviewed. Application of short, intermediate, and long-acting embolic materials to these conditions is presented along with potential complications associated with their misuse. Successful application of embolotherapy results from a thorough understanding of the disease process being treated, the distinctive features of the circulation to be embolized, and the embolic material used for the occlusion.