A report is given on experience gained during the electroneurographic examination of 800 diabetics of all ages and on the results of respiratory heart arrhythmia measurement on 215 diabetics. It is proposed that diabetic nervous disturbances should be divided into the following groups: 1--early diabetic and subclinical disturbances, 2--somatovisceral polyneuropathy in type I diabetics, 3--polyneuropathy in type II diabetics, 4--mononeuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex and proximal amyotrophy. The disturbances in group 1 can be reversed by metabolic control. Only the PNP in group 2 shows a firm statistical correlation to duration of diabetes mellitus and to microangiopathy. This appears to be a dying back neuropathy, probably caused by the chronically catabolic metabolic situation.