Tooth position has been suggested to be an important factor in gingival recession. Due to conflicting reports in the literature, this study was undertaken to examine the effects of labial tooth movement on changes in the marginal periodontium. Orthodontic tooth movement was performed in five monkeys (Macaca nemistrina). Oral health was established and exploratory surgery was performed to assess the level of the connective tissue attachment and marginal bone. Measurements of the gingival margin and mucogingival junction were taken and orthodontic forces were applied. The central incisors were moved labially a mean distance of 3.05 mm. Posttherapy measurements were performed to assess the change which occurred as a result of tooth movement. Significant recession of the gingival margin, connective tissue level and marginal bone was found.