The author reports of 2 cases (sisters of 13 and 15 years old) with the Refsum syndrome. The disease had its onset at the age of 12 and 5 years with a progressive development and remissions. The clinical picture was characterized by a recurrent syndrome of polyradiculoneurites with a slight protein cellular dissociation in the CSF, an expressed sensitive ataxia with elements of cerebellar disorders, a drop in the acuity of sight, audition, intellectual level and a deformation of the talipes of the Friedreich type. In a single examination of fatty acids in the blood serum by the method of gas chromotography there were no data pointing to the existence of 3, 7, 11, 15-tetra metylhexadecone acids. On the basis of an immunological study the author discusses the role of autoimmune reactions in the pathogenesis of the diseases. A differential diagnosis was conducted between acanthocytosis and porphyria with recommendations in regard to treatment.