Results of a 3-year-long observation of 1,158 children in whom the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome was diagnosed in the first months of life are presented. With regard to the size of the head, the gravity of the hypertensive-hydrocephalic symptoms, and the changes on the part of the nervous system by the third year of the life the children were divided into three groups. The first group included 51 children with progressing hypertensive syndrome and congenital hydrocephalus because of anomalies of the cerebrospinal fluid system and the brain. In 821 children of the second group, the head remained enlarged in size by 3 to 10 cm. In half of them changes of the neurological status in the form of pathologies of the craniocerebral nerves, high tendon reflexes, pareses, and the atactic syndrome were revealed. In 102 children there remained a retardation of the psychic and speech development. 286 children of the third group were found to be healthy at the age of 3 years. Thus, in 1/3 of the children who have had a perinatal pathology the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome appeared to be of a transitory character, and regressed completely by the age of two years.