1. Collateral sprouting of L6 dorsal root afferents within the dorsal horn of the L6 spinal cord segment has been shown anatomically to occur following transection of all other lumbosacral dorsal roots in the cat. The present study was performed to examine a possible physiological correlate of that sprouting, namely, an altered somatotopic organization of the dorsal horn at L6. This was evaluated by microelectrode mapping of the L6 dorsal horn in normal cats and in cats with L6 spared, lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomies performed 2 days (subacute spared root) or more than 8 wk (chronic spared root), prior to recording. 2. In normal cats the mediolateral somatotopic sequence of hindlimb representation in the L6 dorsal horn is ventral digits 2 and 3, dorsal digits 2 and 3, dorsal foot, rostral and lateral ankle, lateral leg, lateral thigh, and back. In both subacute and chronic spared-root cats the somatotopic sequence is similar to that of normal cats, but there is a loss of proximal thigh and back representation. This proximal body region is represented at the lateral edge of the dorsal horn in normal animals. 3. There was a partial loss of responsiveness of cells in the dorsal horn in the subacute spared-root group and a partial recovery of responsiveness in the chronic group. In the subacute group punctures exhibiting no responses to tactile input tended to be clustered in the lateral dorsal horn. 4. The lateral one-fourth of the dorsal horn in each animal was analyzed in terms of the percentage of recording loci occurring within it. The percentages of recording loci having receptive fields proximal to, distal to, and spanning the middle of the thigh (proximal, distal, and intermediate RFs) were tabulated for each animal. Subacute animals had a significantly lower-than-normal overall percentage of responsive loci in the lateral dorsal horn, but chronic animals did not. The percentage of distal fields therein was not different for the normal versus the subacute group, signifying that the loss of proximal and intermediate fields was responsible for the difference in overall percentage. Chronic animals, however, had significantly more distal fields than did normals. When all fields having any distal component were compared (i.e., distal and intermediate), the difference between the chronic and normal groups did not reach significance. One possible explanation of these findings is that loci having both proximal and distal RF components are unresponsive 2 days after partial denervation, but recover responsiveness to their spared distal input over an 8-wk period. One possible mechanism mediating these changes is localized sprouting of intact, spared axons. Other mechanisms of functional recovery, such as interneuronal sprouting, denervation supersensitivity, and unmasking of latent synapses, are discussed in relation to these and other data.