Pulmonary arteriography was performed in 22 patients with penetrating injury of the lung(s) within the first 72 post-injury hours and no vascular lesion directly attributable to the injury was found. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula or pulmonary artery aneurysm secondary to penetrating pulmonary injury, are extremely rare lesions, but they should be suspected in a patient with penetrating wound of the chest with signs and symptoms of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula or with chronic residual well circumscribed density on chest roentgenogram. The treatment of these lesions should be excision of the lesion with preservation of the lung, whenever possible, or resection of the involved lobe.