Macrophagelike hemocytes of resistant Biomphalaria glabrata are cytotoxic for sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro

Abstract

When Schistosoma mansoni miracidia penetrate resistant individuals of the intermediate host snail Biomphalaria glabrata, the sporocyst is encapsulated by hemocytes (macrophagelike cells of the snail circulation) and killed. In our in vitro model the same fate requires only sporocysts and snail hemolymph. However, when cultured in plasma alone (cell-free hemolymph), sporocysts remain viable for more than 3 days, regardless of whether the plasma is from susceptible or resistant snails. When hemolymph is used from susceptible snails, the sporocysts retain a normal healthy appearance. Furthermore, the parasite appears to express an offensive response to the hemocytes of susceptible snails. Ultrastructural study reveals that resistant-strain hemocytes destroy the parasite tegument; within 24 hr the sporocyst is damaged severely throughout. This cell-mediated, internal, defensive response of an invertebrate host closely resembles antibody-dependent, cell-mediated damage to schistosomula in mammalian hosts.