A classification of tendinous and ligamentous implants has been proposed on the basis of their baseline and final strength, taking into account the matrix properties of a material. The experiments on the knee joints and Achilles tendons of laboratory animals have revealed the matrix properties of carbon-containing fiber. Biological reconstruction of tendon ligaments occurs in parallel to the degradation of biodestructive carbon-carbonic fiber (BCF) which is absent in the Vitlana (polymer carbon fiber) implants. The expediency of extra- and intraarticular implantation of the Vitlana and extraarticular one of BCF has been evidenced. The use of the Vitlana implants is found justifiable to replace Achilles tendon defects. Due to the occurrence of complications, it is not advisable to use BCF for intraarticular management of and plastic operations for Achilles tendon defects.