The Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction was established in 1972 by the World Health Organisation to promote, co-ordinate, support, conduct and evaluate research on human reproduction with particular reference to the needs of developing countries. Today, the Programme is the main instrument of reproductive health research in the United Nations System. In addition to advising member state governments, the Programme supports research and development activities in the areas of technology assessment, development, introduction and transfer, epidemiological and social science research on reproductive health and essential national health research. Another important area of activity consists of strengthening the research capability of developing countries to enable them to address reproductive health problems of national relevance.