Recent studies have shown that protein kinase C (PKC) plays a pivotal role in many cellular functions, i.e. cell proliferation and differentiation, exocytosis, ion-exchange regulation, hormone and neurotransmitter release, programmed cell death. Up to now the tissue and organ distribution of PKC isoenzymes have been studied in various mammalian adults and it has been suggested that each of them could play a specific role in the regulation of various cellular functions. However, few works have been performed on the expression of the enzyme in actively proliferating and differentiating tissues, i.e. during embryonal and fetal developmental stages. In the present study we have performed an immunohistochemical analysis by using polyclonal antibodies in order to verify the distribution of nine PKC isoenzymes in the vertebral column of human fetuses in a key period (8th developmental week), when the most relevant chondrogenetic and osteogenetic processes occur. The detection of the various PKC isoenzymes and their different distribution in the vertebral bodies and in the intervertebral spaces lead to speculate that the appearance, localization and activation of PKC isoforms in chondrocytes might depend on the stage of chondrogenesis and suggest that cartilage and developing bone represent an appropriate cell system to understand the mechanism of signal transduction, which involves the enzyme.