This study examined whether a neurologic examination at 6 months of age is predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 months in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. A neurologic examination and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were performed at 6 and 12 months with VLBW infants and full-term (FT) controls. VLBW infants were categorized based on early medical complications. High-risk (HR) infants had diagnoses of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary immaturity, grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, and/or periventricular leukomalacia. VLBW infants with other diagnoses were placed in the low-risk (LR) group. Total neurologic scores (NS) improved over time for all three groups but improved more for HR infants, who had more abnormal NS at both time points; NS at 6 months predicted neurologic and developmental scores at 12 months for all three groups, but the relation between 6- and 12-month outcomes was strongest for the HR infants. The neurologic examination may be helpful in assessing VLBW infants' need for referral to early childhood intervention programs.