This study describes how the situation will change with time when a close relative cares for a demented or nondemented elderly. The changes over a period of time in cognitive and behavioral deterioration, perceived burden, and social support were examined in a population-based, longitudinal study. Spouses and adult children were interviewed at a 2.5-year interval. Although the support from social services had not increased, the relatives reported less burden and decreased behavioral problems in the demented elderly group. They also reported improved physical health. On the contrary, this long-term follow-up indicated a small increase in social limitation and deteriorated physical health in the group of relatives of mentally healthy elderly. One-third of the demented elderly were admitted to an institution during Time 1 and Time 2, and this may be one reason for the decreased burden.