The diagnosis and successful treatment of female urethral diverticulum can be facilitated by a heightened clinical awareness coupled with appropriate evaluation and perioperative management. In particular, it is important to address all the preoperative factors to avoid complications de treatment such as recurrence of the diverticulum or urethro-vaginal fistula. The authors also report their clinical experience of evaluating 59 women with urethral diverticula over the last 11 years and describe the technique and complications of diverticulectomy in 49 women.