The postprandial phase is characterized by a temporary accumulation of atherogenic chylomicron remnants and activation of coagulation factor VII. The benefits of diets recommended to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease should also be evaluated in this respect. Although most of the recent dietary studies included a postprandial evaluation, a large majority were conducted using conventional methods. Consequently they have only provided a limited insight into the changes of the above mentioned risk factors. Furthermore, it should be realized that evaluations made under conditions in which an individual is prepared for a cholesterol-lowering diet do not provide an accurate risk estimation. Thus, evaluations should be performed preferably in the free-living situation.