Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) in the lower genital tract of pregnant women, their evolution during pregnancy, and the effect of these pathogens on the outcome of pregnancy in Equatorial Africa.
Study design: 218 pregnant women were followed from before 20 weeks gestational age through delivery. Samples were taken from the cervix at every visit and from the newborn at delivery and tested for Uu and Mh. The data were analysed using Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney, or the chi 2-test.
Results: The prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in pregnant women was 79% and 41% respectively. Colonization with Uu and Mh increased significantly throughout pregnancy (P < 0.001). Their presence was associated with lower gestational age at delivery, lower birth weight and increased neonatal morbidity and mortality (P < 0.05). Erythromycin therapy did not have any effect on the evolution of Uu and Mh colonization during pregnancy.
Conclusion: Uu and Mh are additional factors that might contribute to poor pregnancy outcome in a country where neonatal health is already impaired by many other microorganism.