Despite their central role in disease transmission, relatively little is known of the molecular biology of arthropod vectors. Modern molecular approaches will undoubtedly provide considerable information about gene regulation and expression in vectors and consequently a much better understanding of the biology and molecular biology of vectors. Such knowledge is essential for developing effective control strategies for vector-borne diseases. In this review, we focus upon techniques and approaches used at the Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory (AIDL) at Colorado State University to bioengineer mosquitoes with reduced vector competence. We have developed technologies and procedures that allow genetic manipulation of mosquitoes, including RNA and DNA virus gene-delivery vehicles and efficacious antiviral constructs, which will facilitate the development of pathogen-resistant, transformed mosquitoes. Many of the approaches, constructs, and technologies developed at AIDL will be applicable to molecular manipulation of other arthropod genomes.